bitter

英 [ˈbɪtə(r)]

美 [ˈbɪtər]

adj.  激烈而不愉快的; 充满愤怒与仇恨的; 愤愤不平的; 令人不快的; 使人悲痛的; 由痛苦引起的
n.  苦啤酒(在英国很受欢迎); 苦酒原汁(从植物中提取的苦酒精液体，可增加其他酒精饮料的味道)
vt.  使变苦

复数：bitters　现在分词：bittering　过去式：bittered　第三人称单数：bitters　过去分词：bittered　

中考高考CET4考研TOEFLIELTSTEM4

Oxford 3000 / Collins.3 / BNC.3095 / COCA.3580

习惯用语

adj.

a bitter pill (for sb) (to swallow)
• 严酷的现实；（难以咽下的）苦果
  a fact or an event that is unpleasant and difficult to accept
to/until the bitter end
• （不怕艰苦）坚持到底，奋斗到底
  continuing until you have done everything you can, or until sth is completely finished, despite difficulties and problems
• They were prepared to fight to the bitter end for their rights.
  他们甘愿为自己的权利斗争到底。

牛津词典

adj.

• 激烈而不愉快的；充满愤怒与仇恨的
  very serious and unpleasant, with a lot of anger and hatred involved
  1. a long and bitter dispute
     漫长的激烈争论
• 愤愤不平的
  feeling angry and unhappy because you feel that you have been treated unfairly
  1. She is very bitter about losing her job.
     她丢掉了工作，心里很不服气。
• 令人不快的；使人悲痛的；由痛苦引起的
  making you feel very unhappy; caused by great unhappiness
  1. to weep/shed bitter tears
     伤心落泪
  2. Losing the match was a bitter disappointment for the team.
     输掉这场比赛对这个队来说是一件伤心失望的事。
  3. I've learnt from bitter experience not to trust what he says.
     我已从痛苦的经验中得到了教训，不要相信他的话。
• 味苦的
  having a strong, unpleasant taste; not sweet
  1. Black coffee leaves a bitter taste in the mouth.
     清咖啡在嘴里留下苦味。
• 严寒的
  extremely cold and unpleasant
  1. bitter cold
     严寒
  2. a bitter wind
     刺骨寒风
  3. It's really bitter out today.
     今天户外的确很冷。

noun

• 苦啤酒（在英国很受欢迎）
  a type of beer with a dark colour and a strong bitter taste, that is very popular in Britain
  1. A pint of bitter, please.
     请来一品脱苦啤酒。
• 苦酒原汁（从植物中提取的苦酒精液体，可增加其他酒精饮料的味道）
  a strong bitter alcoholic liquid that is made from plants and added to other alcoholic drinks to give flavour
  1. gin with a dash of bitters
     掺了少量苦酒汁的杜松子酒

柯林斯词典

• ADJ-GRADED 激烈的；猛烈的；充满敌意的
  In abitterargument or conflict, people argue very angrily or fight very fiercely.
  1. ...the scene of bitter fighting during the Second World War.
     第二次世界大战期间激烈的战斗场面
  2. ...a bitter attack on the Government's failure to support manufacturing...
     对政府支持制造业不力的猛烈抨击
  3. On the eve of the poll, campaigning was bitter.
     在投票前夕，竞选活动如火如荼。
• ADJ-GRADED 怨恨的；愤愤不平的
  If someone isbitterafter a disappointing experience or after being treated unfairly, they continue to feel angry about it.
  1. She is said to be very bitter about the way she was sacked...
     据说，她对自己被以如此方式解雇而感到愤愤不平。
  2. His long life was marked by bitter personal and political memories.
     他漫长的一生充满了关于个人生活和政治生涯的苦涩记忆。
• ADJ-GRADED （经历或感觉）令人非常失望的，痛苦的，辛酸的
  Abitterexperience makes you feel very disappointed. You can also usebitterto emphasize feelings of disappointment.
  1. I think the decision was a bitter blow from which he never quite recovered...
     我想这个决定对他是个沉重的打击，从此以后他一蹶不振。
  2. A great deal of bitter experience had taught him how to lose gracefully...
     大量惨痛的经历让他学会了如何坦然面对失败。
  3. The statement was greeted with bitter disappointment by many of the other delegates.
     这份声明使其他许多代表大失所望。
• ADJ-GRADED 寒冷的；刺骨的
  Bitterweather, or abitterwind, is extremely cold.
  1. Outside, a bitter east wind was accompanied by flurries of snow.
     外面，刺骨的东风伴着阵阵小雪。
  2. ...after spending a night in the bitter cold.
     在严寒中度过一夜之后
• ADJ-GRADED （味道）苦的
  Abittertaste is sharp, not sweet, and often slightly unpleasant.
  1. The leaves taste rather bitter.
     这些叶子味道相当苦。
  2. ...as the wine ages, losing its bitter harshness, and becoming softer and smoother.
     年深日久，酒会褪去辣味，口感变得醇和起来
• N-MASS 苦啤酒
  Bitteris a kind of beer that is light brown in colour.
  1. ...a pint of bitter.
     一品脱苦啤酒
• PHRASE 坚持到底；拼到底
  If you say that you will continue doing somethingto the bitter end, especially something difficult or unpleasant, you are emphasizing that you will continue doing it until it is completely finished.
  1. The guerrillas would fight to the bitter end, he said, in order to achieve their main goal.
     他说，游击队员会为实现主要目标而战斗到底。
• a bitter pill→ see:pill

英英释义

noun

• the property of having a harsh unpleasant taste
  Synonym:bitterness
• the taste experience when quinine or coffee is taken into the mouth
  Synonym:bitterness
• English term for a dry sharp-tasting ale with strong flavor of hops (usually on draft)

verb

• make bitter

adj

• marked by strong resentment or cynicism
  1. an acrimonious dispute
  2. bitter about the divorce
  Synonym:acrimonious
• proceeding from or exhibiting great hostility or animosity
  1. a bitter struggle
  2. bitter enemies
• expressive of severe grief or regret
  1. shed bitter tears
• causing a sharply painful or stinging sensation
  1. bitter cold
  2. a biting wind
  Synonym:biting
• harsh or corrosive in tone
  1. an acerbic tone piercing otherwise flowery prose
  2. a barrage of acid comments
  3. her acrid remarks make her many enemies
  4. bitter words
  5. blistering criticism
  6. caustic jokes about political assassination, talk-show hosts and medical ethics
  7. a sulfurous denunciation
  8. a vitriolic critique
  Synonym:acerbacerbicacidacridblisteringcausticsulfuroussulphurousvirulentvitriolic
• causing a sharp and acrid taste experience
• very difficult to accept or bear
  1. the bitter truth
  2. a bitter sorrow

adv

• extremely and sharply
  1. it was bitterly cold
  2. bitter cold
  Synonym:piercinglybitterlybitingly

双语例句

• Dawn came, the sea calmed but the cold was as bitter as ever.
  破晓之际，海面平静了下来，但是寒冷依旧。
• Fox is not bitter about the lost opportunity to compete in the Games
  福克斯并没有对错过了参赛机会感到不忿。
• Morphine is a white bitter substance obtained from opium and used in medicine to reduce pain.
  吗啡是从鸦片中提炼出的苦味的白色物体，用作减痛的药物。
• Some Democrats still have bitter memories of how, against all odds, they came off worst during the inquiry
  一些民主党人士至今仍然记得当时困难重重、在调查中惨败的痛苦经历。
• He leveled bitter criticism against the US.
  他对美国提出了尖锐的批评。
• The leaves taste rather bitter.
  这些叶子味道相当苦。
• He is bitter about the inaction of the other political parties.
  对其他政党的无作为他多有挖苦。
• I felt quite bitter about it at the time
  当时我对这件事感到相当怨愤。
• The President's address was a fitting end to a bitter campaign.
  总统的讲话为一场激烈的竞选运动适时画上了句号。
• Mr Taylor was not bitter towards those who had opposed him
  泰勒先生对那些曾反对过他的人并未怀恨在心。